How long can a dog be left alone?

"Is it possible for a dog to be alone that long? How will it go to the bathroom?" It's one of the most common questions from people with 9-to-5 jobs who want a dog. The honest answer is that a full workday plus commute is too long for most dogs without help, but it's very workable with a plan.

The short answer

• Adult dogs: the UK vet charity PDSA says most dogs "shouldn't be left for much longer than four hours." Some cope with a bit more, some with less, depending on the dog and its routine.
• Puppies: use the month-plus-one rule from the American Kennel Club. A puppy can hold it for about its age in months plus one hour, so a 3-month-old can last about four hours.
• In a crate: never crate a dog longer than it can realistically hold its bladder and bowels, Ohio State's Indoor Pet Initiative says. And never use a crate as punishment.

If you work full days

An eight-hour workday plus a commute often means nine or ten hours away. Ways owners bridge the gap:

• A midday walk from a dog walker, neighbor or friend. Even one visit splits the day in two.
• Doggy daycare a few days a week, especially for young, social dogs.
• Coming home at lunch if you live close enough.
• An adult dog over a puppy. A calm adult rescue is usually far easier to leave than a puppy that needs breaks every few hours.
• A long walk and play before you leave, so the dog is ready to rest.

Budget for this if you need it. Walkers and daycare can cost as much as food; see our cost of owning a dog guide.

Teach your dog to be alone

Dogs aren't born comfortable alone. Start with very short absences and build up, PDSA advises, going more slowly with older or rehomed dogs. A food puzzle or a safe long-lasting chew gives them something to do (see safe chews for dogs). A pet camera lets you check how they really cope.

Signs your dog is struggling

Ohio State lists panting, yawning and drooling during crate training as possible early signs of separation anxiety. Other signs owners notice include barking or howling after you leave, chewing at doors and windows, and accidents in a house-trained dog. If you see these, shorten the time alone and talk to your vet or a qualified behavior specialist. Separation anxiety is very distressing for the dog and usually gets worse without help.

Never leave a dog alone in a car

A car can overheat within minutes, even on a mild day.

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